Stabilizer placed under the fabric while it is stitched; the word is often used to tell it apart from a topping laid on top.
Stabilizers and hooping
Backing takes the pull of the stitches so the fabric keeps its shape. The main choice is tear-away for stable wovens and cut-away for anything that stretches, with a heavier or second layer for dense designs. It is hooped together with the fabric, or the item is floated on an adhesive backing.
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